Hydronephrosis
On the sonogram, hydronephrosis appears as branching, interconnected areas of decreased echogenicity (anechoic or black in general, indicating the presence of fluid) in the renal collecting system. The source of […]
Obstructed Foley catheter
A normal urinary bladder filled with urine typically appears as a thin-walled, anechoic structure. In contrast, when a bladder is decompressed by a Foley catheter, it is almost empty, and […]
Urinary bladder diverticula – The Mickey Mouse sign
A bladder diverticulum is a sac that protrudes out of the bladder wall. Diverticulae may be congenital or acquired and acquired diverticula from chronic bladder outlet obstruction are commonly encountered […]
The Journey Begins (updated: March 2026)
Following are some of Dr. K’s published articles on POCUS. See the visual abstracts section for other important POCUS-related literature. Kidney360 perspective on POCUS competency gap AJKD article discussing the […]