Lung ultrasound: A and B-lines
Lung ultrasonography can be used alone or in conjunction with limited echocardiography and sonographic assessment of the inferior vena cava to determine a patient’s volume status in day-to-day nephrology practice. […]
Increased renal cortical echogenicity does not always indicate chronic kidney disease
Echogenicity of the renal cortex relative to liver or spleen can be evaluated both qualitatively and quantitatively, though qualitative method is commonly used. Normal renal cortex is usually hypoechoic (less […]
Bilateral hydronephrosis with a stone in the urinary bladder
In the first image, you can see bilateral severe hydronephrosis as evidenced by the dilated collecting system filled with anechoic (black) urine exerting pressure on the renal parenchyma. Second image […]
Hydronephrosis
On the sonogram, hydronephrosis appears as branching, interconnected areas of decreased echogenicity (anechoic or black in general, indicating the presence of fluid) in the renal collecting system. The source of […]
Obstructed Foley catheter
A normal urinary bladder filled with urine typically appears as a thin-walled, anechoic structure. In contrast, when a bladder is decompressed by a Foley catheter, it is almost empty, and […]
Urinary bladder diverticula – The Mickey Mouse sign
A bladder diverticulum is a sac that protrudes out of the bladder wall. Diverticulae may be congenital or acquired and acquired diverticula from chronic bladder outlet obstruction are commonly encountered […]
The Journey Begins (updated: March 2026)
Following are some of Dr. K’s published articles on POCUS. See the visual abstracts section for other important POCUS-related literature. VExUS in mechanical circulatory support – case study Kidney360 perspective […]