Accessory Spleen
Accessory spleen or a splenule is a congenital focus of healthy splenic tissue, that is separate from the main body of the spleen. The reported incidence is as high as […]
B-lines in the lung: numbers to remember and scanning Zones
In routine clinical practice, 4 standard lung zones are assessed on each side (= 8-zone method), defined by the parasternal line, the anterior and posterior axillary lines, and a horizontal […]
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is relatively a common genetic disorder, occurring in approximately 1 in every 400 – 1000 live births. It is generally an adult-onset, multisystem disorder […]
Bladder ultrasound: calculation of volume
It is crucial to take a look at the urinary bladder when performing kidney POCUS, especially in patients with a dilated collecting system or recurrent urinary tract infections, especially in […]
Parapelvic cyst mimicking hydronephrosis
Parapelvic cysts can mimic hydronephrosis because of their anechoic nature (like urine, clear fluid in the cysts is also black on ultrasound) and close proximity to the collecting system. Hydronephrosis […]
Not every anechoic thing in the pelvis is urine!
In this pelvic area sonogram, the Foley balloon (arrow) appears to be located outside the urinary bladder suggesting malposition of the catheter. However, the fluid collection anterior to the Foley […]
Pleural effusion: The ‘Spine sign’
Spine sign: visualization of the vertebral bodies in the thoracic cavity above the diaphragm – indicative of pleural effusion. In the absence of pleural effusion, the spine is obscured by […]
Lung ultrasound: A and B-lines
Lung ultrasonography can be used alone or in conjunction with limited echocardiography and sonographic assessment of the inferior vena cava to determine a patient’s volume status in day-to-day nephrology practice. […]
Increased renal cortical echogenicity does not always indicate chronic kidney disease
Echogenicity of the renal cortex relative to liver or spleen can be evaluated both qualitatively and quantitatively, though qualitative method is commonly used. Normal renal cortex is usually hypoechoic (less […]