Hemodynamic POCUS in cirrhosis: think beyond the IVC
In nephrology practice, acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients with cirrhosis often poses a diagnostic challenge owing to multitude of […]
A case of hydronephrosis
An elderly gentleman was seen in the nephrology clinic for acute kidney injury (AKI) on underlying chronic kidney disease stage […]
Intravenous fluids in septic shock: should we be content with the blanket approach?
Recently, the findings of CLASSIC trial were published in the NEJM, which demonstrated that among adult patients with septic shock […]
Left atrial ridge
This apical 4-chamber view obtained from a patient with end-stage kidney disease during physical examination demonstrates some hyperechoic structure in […]
Point-of-care ultrasound in Hyponatremia
Nephrologists are often consulted for evaluation of hyponatremia. While there can be a lot of causes, the basic approach to […]
Hemodynamic phenotypes in Nephrology
This table (from our KI reports article) summarizes common POCUS findings in various hemodynamic phenotypes that we encounter in day-to-day […]
Hiatal hernia on Focused Cardiac Ultrasound
This apical 4-chamber view is obtained from a patient with shortness of breath being managed with escalation of diuretic therapy, […]
Checklist for interpreting kidney ultrasound
In our experience, checklists help novice users to systematically interpret the sonographic findings and reduce errors. So, I made SECONDS […]
Gartner’s duct cyst
A middle-aged woman was seen in the nephrology clinic for chronic kidney disease. She also had a history of recurrent […]
Cardiac ›
Hiatal hernia on Focused Cardiac Ultrasound
This apical 4-chamber view is obtained from a patient with shortness of breath being managed with escalation of diuretic therapy, […]
One view, multiple effusions
We previously went over examples of pleural effusion and ascites visualized from the subcostal/subxiphoid window. Here is another nice clip […]
Internal jugular vein response to Valsalva maneuver
We frequently use inferior vena cava POCUS to estimate right atrial pressure. Internal jugular vein (IJV) ultrasound can also be […]
Subxiphoid IVC view: beyond estimation of right atrial pressure
We routinely use inferior vena cava view to get an idea of the right atrial pressure by evaluating the vessel’s […]
Kidney ›
Checklist for interpreting kidney ultrasound
In our experience, checklists help novice users to systematically interpret the sonographic findings and reduce errors. So, I made SECONDS […]
Renal angiomyolipoma
Here is a nice example of solitary renal angiomyolipoma (AML). Well-circumscribed hyperechoic lesion in the right kidney with echotexture similar […]
Parapelvic Cyst
A patient with a history of chronic kidney disease and nephrolithiasis is seen in the clinic for follow up. Last […]
Pelvic Kidney
A middle-aged patient was seen in the nephrology clinic for evaluation of chronic kidney disease. No prior imaging was available. […]
Revisiting pleural effusion
Identification of pleural effusions is one of the basic applications of Internal Medicine and Nephro POCUS. As previously discussed, pleural […]
Visualization of the right pleural effusion from the abdomen
Sometimes, pleural effusion may be noticed incidentally on abdominal scans. Below image shows transverse section of the liver with anechoic […]
Increased renal cortical echogenicity does not always indicate chronic kidney disease
Echogenicity of the renal cortex relative to liver or spleen can be evaluated both qualitatively and quantitatively, though qualitative method […]
Pleural effusion: The ‘Spine sign’
Spine sign: visualization of the vertebral bodies in the thoracic cavity above the diaphragm – indicative of pleural effusion. In […]
What is VExUS?
VExUS is venous excess ultrasound grading system intended to quantify systemic venous congestion, which is particularly important in patients with […]
The jellyfish sign: atelectasis
In moderate to large pleural effusions, atelectatic lung is frequently noted on the ultrasound images. Remember, when the lung is […]
Pneumonia and dynamic air bronchograms
In general, evaluation of an air-rich organ is a limitation of ultrasound because air scatters the ultrasound beam and does […]
Renal cyst: simple or complex?
The diagnosis of a simple benign renal cyst on ultrasound requires the presence of all the following findings: a well-defined, […]
Lung ultrasound: A and B-lines
Lung ultrasonography can be used alone or in conjunction with limited echocardiography and sonographic assessment of the inferior vena cava […]