Do not mistake aorta for the IVC
Mistaking aorta for the inferior vena cava (IVC) is a common pitfall and can potentially lead to patient mismanagement. Always trace the IVC superiorly and make sure it is joining […]
Misplaced Foley catheter in a female patient
Below is a sonographic image of transverse view of the lower pelvis showing Foley balloon (arrow) outside (posterior to) the bladder wall in a woman. What is posterior to bladder […]
Lymphomatous infiltration of the kidney
Following renal ultrasound images were obtained from a patient with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma with extensive spread all over the body including central nervous system. Indication for the study: acute […]
Horseshoe Kidney
Horseshoe kidney is the most common renal fusion abnormality characterized by fusion of one pole of each kidney, typically the lower pole. The connection or the isthmus lies in the […]
An unusual case of ascites
Here is an interesting case shared by Pitt IMPOCUS. A middle-aged man with cirrhosis and history of venous thromboembolism on apixaban therapy presented with abdominal pain and distension. On examination, […]
Complex pleural effusion
As we saw before, a simple transudative pleural effusion is anechoic. On the other hand, presence of echogenicities in the effusion is suggestive of complex/exudative pleural effusion. The term ‘plankton […]
Not every spine sign is from pleural effusion
We have previously discussed the utility of ‘spine sign’ in diagnosing pleural effusion on POCUS. One of the short videos also talks about this. However, it is important to note […]
Massive lymphocele associated with renal allograft hydronephrosis
Approximately 3 weeks after deceased donor kidney transplantation, a patient developed oliguric renal failure. Renal sonogram demonstrated moderate hydronephrosis of the renal allograft secondary to compression of the transplanted ureter […]
Not a routine pleural effusion
This is an image obtained from the perisplenic window in a patient with gun shot wound. At first glance, it looks like a regular pleural effusion with atelectatic lung above […]
Misplaced Foley in the prostatic urethra
In this ultrasound image of long axis of the urinary bladder, Foley balloon (green arrow) is in the prostatic urethra resulting in urinary retention. Note the anechoic urine-filled bladder and […]
Mitral annular calcification
Here is parasternal long axis view obtained from a patient with diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease with altered bone mineral metabolism. Note the hyperechoic calcification along the posterior mitral […]
Inferior vena cava in severe tricuspid regurgitation
Here are spectacular images of massively dilated inferior vena cava and hepatic veins in a patient with severe tricuspid regurgitation shared by Dr. Robert Jones. Below is a related case […]
Valvular vegetations
Though transesophageal echocardiography is required in most patients suspected to have infective endocarditis because of better sensitivity, valvular vegetations can be seen on a transthoracic echocardiogram, especially when large. It […]
A case of bilateral hydronephrosis
A young woman presented with abdominal pain that did not get better with empiric antibiotic therapy for presumed urinary tract infection. Renal sonogram revealed bilateral mild to moderate hydronephrosis. There […]
Ureterovesical junction stone
We have previously talked about ureteral jets and the twinkle artefact. Here is an excellent clip shared by Dr. Robert Jones demonstrating twinkle artefact in the right distal ureter region […]
A case of cardiogenic pulmonary edema
Nephrology was consulted for acute kidney injury and hypervolemia in a chronically ill nursing home resident. You decide to perform lung POCUS to assess extravascular lung water. Multiple B-lines per […]
What are the key elements of establishing a POCUS program?
Below image is the summary of the key elements involved in establishing a POCUS program. First of all, the faculty need to be comfortable with the common POCUS applications, which […]