B-lines in the lung: numbers to remember and scanning Zones
In routine clinical practice, 4 standard sonographic lung zones are evaluated on each side delineated using the parasternal line, anterior and posterior axillary lines and a horizontal line about the […]
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is relatively a common genetic disorder, occurring in approximately 1 in every 400 – 1000 live births. It is generally an adult-onset, multisystem disorder […]
Bladder ultrasound: calculation of volume
Sonographic evaluation of the urinary bladder should be performed in any patient with dilated collecting system or frequent urinary tract infections, especially in a male. The examination is performed with […]
Parapelvic cyst mimicking hydronephrosis
Parapelvic cysts can mimic hydronephrosis because of their anechoic nature (like urine, clear fluid in the cysts is also black on ultrasound) and close proximity to the collecting system. Hydronephrosis […]
Not every anechoic thing in the pelvis is urine!
In this pelvic area sonogram, the Foley balloon (arrow) appears to be located outside the urinary bladder suggesting malposition of the catheter. However, the fluid collection anterior to the Foley […]
Pleural effusion: The ‘Spine sign’
Spine sign: visualization of the vertebral bodies in the thoracic cavity above the diaphragm – indicative of pleural effusion. In the absence of pleural effusion, the spine is obscured by […]
Lung ultrasound: A and B-lines
Lung ultrasonography can be used alone or in conjunction with limited echocardiography and sonographic assessment of the inferior vena cava to determine a patient’s volume status in day-to-day nephrology practice. […]
Increased renal cortical echogenicity does not always indicate chronic kidney disease
Echogenicity of the renal cortex relative to liver or spleen can be evaluated both qualitatively and quantitatively, though qualitative method is commonly used. Normal renal cortex is usually hypoechoic (less […]
Bilateral hydronephrosis with a stone in the urinary bladder
In the first image, you can see bilateral severe hydronephrosis as evidenced by the dilated collecting system filled with anechoic (black) urine exerting pressure on the renal parenchyma. Second image […]