Pericardial cyst
Pericardial cysts are uncommon and represent approximately 5% of thoracic cysts. Most of these are asymptomatic and usually detected incidentally. However, in case of chest trauma, they can rupture leading […]
Fluid in the subcostal cardiac view
What does this subcostal view show? In a twitter poll, more than 50% thought its either pericardial effusion or a pericardial tumor. The correct answer is ascites. Subcostal view of […]
Did you ever see on POCUS what hyperkalemia does to the heart?
Hyperkalemia is probably the most common reason for an urgent nephrology consult. Most of us are familiar with the EKG changes associated with hyperkalemia, though surprisingly, only ~55% of patients […]
Do not mistake aorta for the IVC
Mistaking aorta for the inferior vena cava (IVC) is a common pitfall and can potentially lead to patient mismanagement. Always trace the IVC superiorly and make sure it is joining […]
Mitral annular calcification
Here is parasternal long axis view obtained from a patient with diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease with altered bone mineral metabolism. Note the hyperechoic calcification along the posterior mitral […]
Inferior vena cava in severe tricuspid regurgitation
Here are spectacular images of massively dilated inferior vena cava and hepatic veins in a patient with severe tricuspid regurgitation shared by Dr. Robert Jones. Below is a related case […]
Valvular vegetations
Though transesophageal echocardiography is required in most patients suspected to have infective endocarditis because of better sensitivity, valvular vegetations can be seen on a transthoracic echocardiogram, especially when large. It […]
Pericardial versus pleural effusion on PLAX view
We may find both pericardial and pleural effusions in the parasternal long axis (PLAX) view and mistaking one for the other can lead to inappropriate management. The descending thoracic aorta […]
Other views of the heart
Please refer to ‘Focus on POCUN‘ series on the Renal Fellow Network for brief notes on other echocardiographic windows. Short video on basic cardiac views Video on core pathologies seen […]