Urinary bladder wall thickness: what is the number to remember?
It is not uncommon to see a thickened urinary bladder wall in cases of chronic bladder outlet obstruction. Have you ever wondered how thick is thick? In a study, a […]
Thickened gall bladder wall: not always acute cholecystitis
In clinical practice, a cut off of 3mm is commonly used to define the upper limit of normal gall bladder wall thickness and acute cholecystitis is one thing that comes […]
Renal cyst: simple or complex?
The diagnosis of a simple benign renal cyst on ultrasound requires the presence of all the following findings: a well-defined, roundish, anechoic structure, imperceptible near wall and thin echogenic far […]
Mirror image artefact
This is one of the commonest artefacts encountered in NephroPOCUS. It is generated by the false assumption that an echo returns to the transducer after a single reflection. In this […]
PLAX view: Orientation
The parasternal long axis view or the PLAX is obtained by placing the transducer to the left of the sternum in 3rd or 4th intercostal space with the orientation marker […]
Hepatic Hemangioma
Following images demonstrate hepatic hemangioma incidentally found while imaging the kidney. On ultrasound, hepatic hemangiomas appear as well-defined, hyperechoic, homogeneous lesions. Some of them may have posterior acoustic enhancement. The […]
Focus on FoCUS: The basic views of the heart
FoCUS = Focused Cardiac Ultrasound Learning cardiac POCUS starts with mastering a few essential “slicing planes” of the heart – the foundational views every user needs to know to identify […]
Medullary nephrocalcinosis
Nephrocalcinosis: by default, we apply this term to ‘medullary’ calcification (= medullary nephrocalcinosis), though it can occur in renal cortex (e.g. in renal cortical necrosis of pregnancy or chronic active […]
Accessory Spleen
Accessory spleen or a splenule is a congenital focus of healthy splenic tissue, that is separate from the main body of the spleen. The reported incidence is as high as […]
B-lines in the lung: numbers to remember and scanning Zones
In routine clinical practice, 4 standard lung zones are assessed on each side (= 8-zone method), defined by the parasternal line, the anterior and posterior axillary lines, and a horizontal […]