B-lines in the lung: numbers to remember and scanning Zones
In routine clinical practice, 4 standard lung zones are assessed on each side (= 8-zone method), defined by the parasternal line, the anterior and posterior axillary lines, and a horizontal […]
Pleural effusion: The ‘Spine sign’
Spine sign: visualization of the vertebral bodies in the thoracic cavity above the diaphragm – indicative of pleural effusion. In the absence of pleural effusion, the spine is obscured by […]
Lung ultrasound: A and B-lines
Lung ultrasonography can be used alone or in conjunction with limited echocardiography and sonographic assessment of the inferior vena cava to determine a patient’s volume status in day-to-day nephrology practice. […]